Optical and technical properties of color pigments

Color pigments are divided into organic and inorganic categories. Inorganic color pigments are typically insoluble oxides or sulfides of transition metals. Most inorganic color pigments are synthetically produced, but there are also naturally occurring variations such as ochre, which can be used in various applications. Iron oxide pigments represent the most significant and widely used class of inorganic pigments. Compared to organic pigments, inorganic pigments generally offer better opacity, higher weather resistance, and temperature stability, but exhibit lower brilliance.
Organic pigments, which are typically more color-intensive and have a higher chroma compared to inorganic pigments, are classified based on their chemical structure. The most significant and commonly encountered category is azo pigments, with the remaining pigments grouped as polycyclic pigments. Organic pigments enable a wide range of brilliant color tones to be achieved. They are often post-treated to achieve specific application-related properties such as improved dispersibility or opacity.

Pigments are insoluble, color-producing substances that are typically finely ground and can be used in various applications. They absorb light of different wavelengths and reflect specific colors, which determines their appearance. Pigments can be organic or inorganic and often exhibit high color stability, making them suitable for various applications such as paints, inks, plastics, textiles, and cosmetics. The color properties of pigments are influenced by factors such as particle size, chemical composition, and surface treatment.